Transformer
An electrical device that transfers energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction, used to increase (step up) or decrease (step down) voltage levels.
Detailed Explanation
Transformers operate on the principle of mutual induction between two coils. The turns ratio determines the voltage change: if the secondary has half the turns of the primary, the voltage is halved (stepped down). Utility transformers step down high-voltage transmission lines to usable 120/240V for buildings. NEC Article 450 covers transformer installation requirements. Buck-boost transformers are commonly used for small voltage adjustments.
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